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- THE WEEK, Page 33HEALTH & SCIENCESmall Steps Against Big Diseases
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- New vaccines may help thwart Lyme disease and AIDS
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- In suburbs and rural areas, summer is Lyme-disease season,
- prompting the flurry of instructions now issuing forth from
- doctors' offices on how to avoid the illness. It's wise to pay
- attention: the symptoms can range from joint pain and lethargy
- in mild cases to debilitating arthritis and even heart damage.
- But thwarting Lyme disease is not so easy, as anyone knows who
- has ever searched for the poppy seed-size tick that carries it,
- or for its unmistakable rash -- which sometimes never appears
- at all. Tests sometimes don't reveal an infection, and symptoms
- may not show up for months -- and when they finally do,
- antibiotics don't always work.
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- But medical researchers at Yale and Harvard say they have
- come up with a vaccine that appears to protect against Lyme
- disease -- in mice, at least. Not only that: when infected ticks
- bit vaccinated mice in the lab, the disease bacteria inside the
- ticks were killed as well. That was totally unexpected; if it
- works the same way in humans, the vaccine could lead not only to
- the prevention of Lyme disease in humans but to its complete
- elimination in the wild.
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- There was also progress last week on another vaccine; the
- step forward may have been smaller, but the disease much more
- widespread and deadly. Researchers in the U.S. and France
- presented a report in the journal Science on a breakthrough in
- creating a vaccination against aids. The scientists had already
- proved that chimps could be protected by an experimental
- vaccine, but only from the aids virus that swims in the fluids
- outside cells. The virus found within cells is infectious too,
- and the new results prove that the immunization works on this
- variety as well. No one knows exactly how the process works,
- which means it might not work the same way in humans, and the
- vaccination regime -- multiple shots over several months, and
- no guarantee the protection is long lasting -- makes it
- inconvenient, especially in Third World countries where medical
- services are poor. But any progress at all toward turning AIDS
- from a killer into a nuisance is good news.
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